How to get started in Quantum Computing?

This blog is written for people to get started in the field of Quantum Computing. If you don't know what is Quantum Computing then this blog is highly recommended 

If you are searching for visual content then this video might help you. 

How to start?

As you know that Quantum Computing is an interdisciplinary subject that itself has many sub-branches like Quantum Machine Learning, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Cryptography, etc. So it has many prerequisites depending on how much deep you want to go in this field. 

Prerequisites for basic level 

Python: You need to learn some programming fundamentals before starting if you don't know any programming language then starting with python will be a good decision. If you are familiar with a language other than python then believe me you won't find any difficulty in learning python as it's all a matter of syntax for you. If you are familiar with Jupyter notebooks then it's good if you are not then it's no big deal, you can learn that on the go. 

Learning resource: There are many resources available online for learning python, If you already know programming fundamentals then this website will help in syntax and all.  

Linear Algebra: You need to know certain maths as it's Quantum Mechanics After all. Linear Algebra is the language of Quantum Computing.  You need to learn college-level Linear Algebra as it is needed to understand the theory behind the working of Quantum Circuits, especially bra ket notations, tensor products, and complex analysis.

Learning resource: You can Learn from any book you like but personally I find 3b1b Youtube video series helpful for visualising things and Khan academy course to be useful for theory 

There are so many companies who are behind Quantum Supremacy like IBM, Microsoft, Google, Amazon. So they all have their way of doing Quantum Computing. There are many companies that are specifically focused in this field like DWave and Xanadu.

IBM uses Qiskit (Python Library) for doing their experiments. It has great content to learn. It has a youtube channel where there are so many tutorials given on how to use Qiskit. It also has an online textbook that has nearly all the tutorials needed to get into Quantum Computing. It also conducted some events like Quantum Global Summer School all the lectures of the events are given here.

There are other players in this field and they all have their way of doing Quantum Computing. Pennylane is a company that is specially focused on QML(Quantum Machine Learning). If anyone is interested in this field then try this out.

There are some open-source organizations like QOSF(Quantum Open Source Foundation) which is also great for learning purposes. Most of the tools that are used in Quantum Computing are Open-source. If you know how to contribute to open-source through Github then it is recommended to do some contributions as they always give more preference to their contributors.  Most of them have their slack workspace for asking doubts. If you find difficulties in any concepts, if you want to know how to use any specific thing in any software package then you can ask all these things in their slack workspace.

That's all for experiments and stuff but what about theory. If you don't know any theory then all things are a complete waste. There are some books and lecture series that are highly recommended to understand the theory.

1. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Book by Isaac Chuang and Michael Nielsen

2. Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists, Book by Mirco A. Mannucci and Noson S. Yanofsky

3. Quantum Computer Science, Book by N. David Mermin

These Books are Good books for Reference and Reading.You can easily find pdf of these books on the internet.

There are some Youtube Lecture series that are good for Understanding theory.  

1. Quantum Machine Learning MOOC, created by Peter Wittek from the University of Toronto in Spring 2019. 

2. Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computation by Umesh Vazirani (Coursera 2012)

3. Quantum Computing by Prof. Debabrata Goswami | IIT Kanpur(NPTEL)

Of course, there are many other Resources available for Quantum Computing but the above-suggested ones are standard ones. If these things don't suit you then you are free to choose other Resources.

Learn By Doing

You don’t need to master python, Linear algebra, or Quantum Mechanics to run a Quantum Circuit on Quantum Computer. There are two sides, Theoretical and Experimental You can learn both parallelly. This way of learning is widely accepted and used in the case of Quantum Computing. Learning a New algorithm and trying it out in Quantum Computer is the standard

 way of learning Quantum Computing

Participate in Hackathons/Seminars/Conference

After you have reached a certain level of Quantum Computing then start participating in hackathons. Hackathons are a great way of learning as you get to know many peoples working in this field for years. You get to compete with so many peoples around the world. There are so many Seminars that happen every year. Many researchers around the world come to these seminars to present their work so it is always recommended to attend these seminars.

I will end by this famous quote

“If you can’t win the game, change the rules”

Thank You for your time

Do Newton Discover the Gravitation by finding the reason why apple fall from the Tree ?

When we think of gravity then the first thing comes in mind of why and how objects fall to the earth. But as we go to the discovery of gravity then there are so many stories behind this . As we All know that previously it is believed that all the planets revolve around the earth. But some great astronomers said after that No All planets revolve around the sun not the earth . Many of the People don't believe them as that theory was very contradictory theory.

Contribution of Classical Physicist

 Galileo Galilei made some contribution in this and helped to make the whole picture more clear. Like he told that the acceleration of the free falling body does not depend on mass of the body.(There is a story of leaning tower of Pisa involved in this discovery).  Then after that Newton came into the play and made laws of gravitation .Newton figure out how moon and earth revolution take place and discover about the fundamental law of gravitation. 

Drawback of Newton law of gravitation

When Newton formulated the laws of gravitation he always wondered to a question that A body change its state(Rest to motion and vice versa) when a unbalanced force is applied on it . And that body accelerate by that applied unbalanced force . So when a body fall downwards then what pushing it downwards and how it's acceleration is constant. 

This question stunned him . He actually don't know the answer of this question but he invented a new force called gravitational force which somehow give a satisfactory answer of this question .But many Physicists don't agree to his theory and that question became a problem and was unsolved for many years. 

Einstein New theory of Gravity

After so many years Einstein tried to solve that problem and came out with a new Theory of gravity . Which actually tells about so many amazing things like 4D space time fabric, Gravity bends light and many more . That led to discovery of modern gravitational theory . Einstein theory was largely accepted in the physic community.(I will tell you about this theory  later )

Conclusion

As the title of the blog says did the story was true ? 

But as far as I know The story was not true that Newton discovered the laws of gravitation by wondering how a apple fall.

But he get to know About a question to which he don't have any answer so for correcting his theory he invented a new force called gravitational force. 

But it was Einstein who truly visualized the theory of gravitation and formed a new Theory .

Disclaimer

I am not saying that Newton theory is wrong . Both Newton Theory and Einstein Theory are correct. Einstein's is  more accurate. Newton's is Simpler and give sufficiently accurate results for most usage . Both theories are correct only with different complexities and accuracy.

This is Divyanshu Singh

A Physics enthusiast

How big the Universe Is!

What is the most largest thing you have wondered ever in your life ? 

(I am not saying about stars of course they are big but we can not see them How much big they are!)

Maybe the possible answers of this can a animal , a building , a transport, a mountain but some of you say a sea.  

According to me Ocean can be a largest observable thing we have ever seen . 

See it is endless ! It comprises of nearly 71% of Earth. The whole population of earth lives only on 29% of it's part. I know many of you would say what is amazing in this . But you are not imagining this thing as I am.
I have a video to show which can give you a glimpse of my imagination.
So Enjoy this video .Watch Till the End(Recommended)

Done with the video . In the end of this video there is a possibility of multiverse is shown. Believe me this is not the end . That multiverse theory is under research .
By this video you get to know that how much big the universe is. Scientist say there is even a possibility that the universe could be a drop in a ocean of a world where there is a ocean with endless boundary.
I think many have  got that imagination and felling which I was talking about previously .
This thing always stuns me when i try to think about this .



This is my first blog So many grammatical mistakes , many formatting mistakes and many logical ordering mistakes . Please forgive me and try to understand what i am trying to say in this blog.

This is Divyanshu Singh

A Physics Enthusiast